Barmen

Former city in eastern Rhineland, Germany

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Barmen is a former industrial metropolis of the region of Bergisches Land, Germany, which merged with four other towns in 1929 to form the city of Wuppertal.

Barmen, together with the neighbouring town of Elberfeld founded the first electric suspended monorail tramway system, the Schwebebahn floating tram.

History

Barmen was a pioneering centre for both the early industrial revolution on the European mainland, and for the socialist movement and its theory. It was the location of one of the first concentration camps in Nazi Germany, KZ Wuppertal-Barmen, later better known as Kemna concentration camp.^[1]

Oberbarmen (Upper Barmen) is the eastern part of Barmen, and Unterbarmen (Lower Barmen) the western part.

One of its claims to fame is the fact that Friedrich Engels, co-author of The Communist Manifesto, was born in Barmen. Another of its claims is the fact that Bayer AG was founded there by Friedrich Bayer and master dyer Johann Friedrich Weskott with the express purpose to erect and operate a dyeworks.^[2]

Legacy

The asteroid 118173 Barmen is named in its honour, celebrating the 1934 Synod which issued the Barmen Declaration defining Protestant opposition to National-Socialist ideology.

Personalities

Friedrich Engels (1820–1895), Marxist philosopher
Julius Kemna (1837–1898), entrepreneur and company founder
Adolph Coors (1847–1929), brewer, Coors Brewing, Golden, Colorado
Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850–1909), psychologist
Julius Richard Petri (1852–1921), microbiologist
Wilhelm Dörpfeld (1853–1940), architect and archaeologist
Carl Duisberg (1861–1935), chemist and industrialist
Ferdinand Sauerbruch (1875–1951), surgeon
Adeline Rittershaus (1876–1924), philologist and champion for the equality of women
Johann Viktor Bredt (1879–1940), jurist and politician
Else Brökelschen (1879-1976), politician (CDU)
Max Bockmühl (1882–1949), chemist
Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970),^[3] member of the Vienna Circle of positivists
Wilhelm Philipps (1894–1971), generalleutnant
Robert Tillmanns (1896–1955), politician (CDU)
Hans Peter Luhn (1896–1964), researcher in the field of computer science and creator of the Luhn algorithm
Martin Blank (1897–1972), politician (FDP)
Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller (1897–1947), "The Butcher of Crete"
Walter Julius Bloem (1898–1945), author and recipient of the Iron Cross
Liselotte Schaak (1908-undated), actress
Bernd Klug (1914–1975), admiral
Kurt Brand (1917–1991), science-fiction author
Reimar Lüst (1923–2020), astrophysicist
Siegfried Palm (1927–2005), cellist
Johannes Rau (1931-2006), SPD politician and President of Germany 1999-2004

Population

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1591	1,000	—
1640	1,900	+90.0%
1800	12,000	+531.6%
1810	16,289	+35.7%
1816	19,030	+16.8%
1840	30,847	+62.1%
1875	86,504	+180.4%
1890	116,144	+34.3%
1900	141,947	+22.2%
1905	156,148	+10.0%
1910	169,214	+8.4%
1919	156,326	−7.6%
1925	187,099	+19.7%

References

^ David Magnus Mintert, Das frühe Konzentrationslager Kemna und das sozialistische Milieu im Bergischen Land^{[permanent dead link]} (PDF) Ruhr University Bochum, doctoral dissertation (2007), pp 144–145. Retrieved January 14, 2012 (in German)
^ "History The Early Years (1863–1881)". Bayer AG. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
^ Ruhr-Uni-Bochum.de: Rudolf Carnap