First Battle of Blida

First Expedition of Blida
Part of French conquest of Algeria
Date22-24 July 1830[1]
Location
Blida, Algeria
Result Algerian victory[2]
Belligerents
 Kingdom of France

Deylik of Algiers

  • Beylik of Titteri
  • Beni Salah tribe
  • Beni Misra tribe
Commanders and leaders
Louis Auguste Victor de Bourmont Mohamed ben Zamoum
Strength
1,500 soldiers
4 cannons
150 chasseurs		 5,000[3][4]
Casualties and losses
15 killed
43 wounded[5][6][7]		 200 killed[8][9]
(French claim)
Low[2]
(Algerian claim)
  • v
  • t
  • e
French conquest of Algeria
  • War against the Deylik (1830–1837)
  • Pre-invasion
  • Bay of Algiers (1827)
  • Dellys (1830)
  • Sidi Fredj (1830)
  • Staouéli (1830)

  • Sidi Khalef (1830)
  • Bordj Moulay Hassan (1830)
  • Mitidja (Beylik of Titteri)
  • 1st Blida (1830)
  • Médéa (1830)
  • Médéa (1831)
  • El Harrach (1831)
  • El Harrach (1832)
  • Hadjout (1834)
  • Beylik of Oran
  • Oran (1831)
  • Beylik of Constantine
  • Annaba (1832)
  • 1st Béjaia (1831)
  • 2nd Béjaia (1833)
  • 3rd Béjaia (1835)
  • 1st Constantine (1836)
  • 2nd Constantine (1837)
  • War against Abdelkader (1832–1847)
  • First Kaderian war (1832–1834)
  • Kheng-Nettah (1832)
  • Second Kaderian war (1835–1838)
  • Third Kaderian war (1839–1847)
Pacification of Algeria

The First Expedition of Blida took place from 22 to 24 July 1830,[1] during the French conquest of Algeria.

The Expedition

On 22 July 1830, Marshal de Bourmont organized a reconnaissance expedition on the city of Blida. On the early morning of 23 July, the French force consisting of 1,500 men and a squadron of 150 chasseurs departed from Algiers.[10] The French reached the city at around 5:00 pm[10] and were welcomed by locals who offered them fruits and drinks.[11] Marshal de Bourmont installed himself in a large house bordered by a luxurious garden of orange trees not far from the city gates, while the troops made camp in the garden and the nearby cemetery.[12]

The night was quiet, but around 10:00 am on 24 July, a returning French party that had gone on a reconnaissance mission in the nearby gorge earlier in the morning was fired at from bushes and two French soldiers were wounded.[13] General d'Esprez took six chasseurs and went about a mile up the river where he saw many armed men on the mountain.[14] Although they merely observed the small French party without attacking, Desprez chose to head back to the city rather than go any further. Marshal de Bourmont decided it would be wiser to return to Algiers and ordered troops to get ready to depart at 1:00 pm.[13]

Two French artillerymen who had brought their horses to drink in a stream at the foot of the mountain were surprised and beheaded by kabyle warriors.[15] At around midday, a firefight broke out in the city and baron Alphonse Blouquier de Trélan, Marshal de Bourmont's aide-de-camp, was mortally wounded after receiving a bullet in the lower abdomen.[15] The French rapidly gathered in column formation and started marching back toward Algiers as thousands of kabyle warriors came down from mountain, soon joined by some inhabitants of Blida.[16][15][17]

The French column marched at regular pace, stopping occasionally to allow their artillery to fire into their pursuers. From 2:00 pm until the end of the day, the Algerians followed the French across the Mitidja plain, always kept at bay by the chasseurs on the flanks. Whenever they would get too close, French cavalry would charge to drive them away.[18] The Prince of Schwarzenberg notably slayed two kabyle warriors with his sword.[19]

The last action of the day took place in a small oleanders grove North-East from Boufarik, after which the Algerian forces withdrew as night fell. After a one-hour resting halt, the French column resumed marching toward Algiers and reached Birtouta around 11:00 pm.[20] They spent the night in the town, where de Bourmont officially received his marshal baton from the hands of Viscount de Bois-le-Comte who had arrived from France earlier during the day.[21][22] No fighting occurred on the next day and the French column reached Algiers by 1:00 pm on 25 July.[20] The French troops withdrew in an orderly manner.

Aftermath

The fleeing of the French troops from Blida bolstered popular support for resistance against the French invaders.[23][24] This was the first victory achieved by the Algerians since the French army landed at Sidi Fredj.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Pascal, Adrien; DuCamp, Jules; Brahaut, G N (1850). Histoire de l'armée et de tous les régiments, depuis les premiers temps de la monarchie française... [History of the Army and of All Regiments Since Earliest Times]. Vol. 4. François Sicard. Paris: A. Barbier. p. 58. OCLC 1008334451.
  2. ^ a b Nāṣir al-Dīn Saʻīdūnī (January 2001). L'Algerois rural à la fin de l'époque ottomane (1791-1830) [Rural Algerians at the End of the Ottoman Epoch (1791-1839)]. Dar al-Gharb al-Islami.
  3. ^ De Quatrebarbes, Théodore (1831). Souvenirs de la campagne d'Afrique. Dentu. p. 98.
  4. ^ Rozet, Claude Antoine (1832). Relation de la Guerre d'Afrique pendant les années 1830 et 1831, Volume 1. The British Library. p. 315.
  5. ^ Rousset, Camille (1879). La conquête d'Alger. Plon-Nourrit. p. 250.
  6. ^ Lavisse, Ernest (1909). Histoire générale du IV siècle á nos jours: Les monarchies constitutionnelles, 1815-1847. A. Colin. p. 874.
  7. ^ D'Ault-Dumesnil, Edouard (1868). Relation de l'Expédition d'Afrique en 1830 et de la conquête d'Alger. Lecoffre. p. 387.
  8. ^ Fernel, Claude Ambroise (1831). Campagne d'Afrique en 1830. Barroi-Duprat. p. 171.
  9. ^ Schwarzenberg, Friedrich Karl (1837). Rückblicke auf Algier und dessen Eroberung durch die königlich-französischen Truppen im Jahre 1830. Österreichische Nationalbibliothek. p. 202.
  10. ^ a b Rozet 1832, p. 309.
  11. ^ D'Ault-Dumesnil 1868, p. 380.
  12. ^ Rozet 1832, p. 310.
  13. ^ a b Rozet 1832, p. 311.
  14. ^ Fernel 1831, p. 169.
  15. ^ a b c Rousset 1879, p. 250.
  16. ^ Rozet 1832, p. 313.
  17. ^ Nettement 1867, p. 526.
  18. ^ Nettement 1867, p. 525.
  19. ^ Trapani, Domingo Gian (1830). Conquête d'Alger ou pièces sur la conquête d'Alger et sur l'Algérie, Volume 2. Bibliothèque jésuite des Fontaines. p. 319.
  20. ^ a b Rousset 1879, p. 251.
  21. ^ Fernel 1831, p. 172.
  22. ^ Nettement 1867, p. 527.
  23. ^ D'Ault-Dumesnil 1868, p. 390.
  24. ^ Rousset 1879, p. 255.

Works cited

  • Nettement, Alfred (1867). Histoire de la conquête d'Alger écrite sur des documents inédits et authentiques (in French). J. Lecoffre.

External links

  • (in Arabic) مقاومة مبكرة .. وطويلة ،المتيجة
  • (in Arabic) أهم المــعارك والمقاومات الشعبية الجــزائــرية
  • (in French) La première résistance populaire contre les Francais etait née à Blida (The First Popular Resistance Against the French Was Born in Blida)
  • (in French) Notes historiques sur la Grande Kabylie de 1830 à 1838 Archived 2017-09-29 at the Wayback Machine (History Notes on Great Kabylie from 1830 to 1838)
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Ministry of Mujahideen - Declaration of 1 November 1954
Pre-1830 conflicts
French conquest of Algeria: 1830-1836
French conquest of Algeria: 1837-1870
Allegiances
  • Allegiance to Mohamed ben Zamoum (1830) [ar]
  • Allegiance to Emir Abdelkader (1832) [ar]
  • Allegiance to Emir Abdelkader (1833) [ar]
Mokrani Revolt
  • Capture of Palestro
  • Capture of Touggourt
Algerian War
Treaties
Documents
Lists
  • List of participants in the invasion of Algiers in 1830
  • List of participants in Mokrani Revolt