Konvoi Arktika pada Perang Dunia II

Konvoi Arktik pada Perang Dunia II

Bagian dari Perang Dunia II

Pemandangan dari kapal penjelajah HMS Sheffield saat kapal tersebut berlayar dalam tugas konvoi melalui perairan Samudra Arktik. Di latar belakang adalah kapal-kapal dagang dari konvoi tersebut.

Tanggal	Agustus 1941 – Mei 1945
Lokasi	Laut Norwegia dan Samudra Arktik
Hasil	Kemenangan Sekutu

Pihak terlibat

Britania Raya

Uni Soviet

Kanada

Amerika Serikat

Norwegia

Jerman

Korban

85 kapal dagang
16 kapal perang

4 kapal perang
30 kapal selam

Konvoi Arktik pada Perang Dunia II adalah konvoi melalui samudra yang berlayar dari Britania Raya, Islandia dan Amerika Utara ke pelabuhan-pelabuhan utara di Uni Soviet – terutama Arkhangelsk dan Murmansk di Rusia. Terdapat 78 konvoi antara Agustus 1941 sampai Mei 1945,^[1] berlayar melalui beberapa laut dari Samudra Atlantik dan Samudra Arktik, dengan dua celah tanpa pelayaran antara Juli dan September 1942, dan Maret dan November 1943.

Referensi

Catatan kaki

^ "Telegraph". The Telegraph. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-06-03. Diakses tanggal 2020-05-23.

Daftar pustaka

Hill, Alexander (2007). "British Lend Lease Aid and the Soviet War Effort, June 1941 –June 1942". The Journal of Military History. 71 (3): 773–808. doi:10.1353/jmh.2007.0206. JSTOR 30052890.
Hinsley, F. H. (1994) [1993]. British Intelligence in the Second World War: Its Influence on Strategy and Operations (abridged edition). History of the Second World War (edisi ke-2nd rev.). London: HMSO. ISBN 978-0-11-630961-7.
Kemp, Paul (1993). Convoy: Drama in Arctic Waters. London: Arms and Armour. ISBN 978-1-85409-130-7.
Sebag-Montefiore, Hugh (2001) [2000]. Enigma: The Battle for the Code (edisi ke-4th pbk. Phoenix). Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-7538-1130-6.
Vail Motter, T. H. (1952). The Persian Corridor and Aid to Russia. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 459693332. Diakses tanggal 9 March 2018.
Woodman, Richard (2004) [1994]. Arctic Convoys 1941–1945 (edisi ke-pbk.). London: John Murray. ISBN 978-0-7195-6617-2.

Bacaan tambahan

Behrens, C. B. A. (1955). Hancock, Keith, ed. Merchant Shipping and the Demands of War. History of the Second World War United kingdom Civil Series. London: HMSO and Longmans. OCLC 557756251.
Coackley, Robert W. (1960). "Chapter 9: The Persian Corridor as a Route for Aid to the USSR". Dalam Roberts Greenfield, Kent; Blumenson, Martin. Command Decisions. United States Army Center of Military History. OCLC 45058603. CMH Pub 70-7. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-12-30. Diakses tanggal 9 March 2018.
Roskill, S. W. (1957) [1954]. Butler, J. R. M., ed. The War at Sea 1939–1945: The Defensive. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. I (edisi ke-4th). London: HMSO. OCLC 881709135. Diakses tanggal 19 March 2018.
Roskill, S. W. (1962) [1956]. The Period of Balance. History of the Second World War: The War at Sea 1939–1945. II (edisi ke-3rd). London: HMSO. OCLC 174453986. Diakses tanggal 19 March 2018.
The Rise and Fall of the German Air Force (Air 41/10). Public Record Office War Histories (edisi ke-repr.). Richmond, Surrey: Air Ministry. 2001 [1948]. ISBN 978-1-903365-30-4.

Pranala luar

London Gazette: Convoys to North Russia, 1942 Diarsipkan 2012-06-16 di Wayback Machine.
Allies and Lend-Lease Museum, Moscow
MOD veterans' agency
German account of RösselsprungDiarsipkan 2012-04-15 di Wayback Machine.
[http://admiral.centro.ru/memor08.htm Soviet account on the war in Arctic and the convoys: Admiral Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov
Murmansk Run: Arctic Convoys to Russia: free print-and-play boardgame.
Naval History.net
The Quiet Courage of Chief Steward Horace Carswell DSM, MM, BEM during Convoy PQ.17^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
Coxswain Sid Kerslake of armed trawler "Northern Gem" and the Russian Convoys
Convoy PQ.17 Primary source diary and supporting material by Jack Bowman, ERA aboard HMS La Malouine.
Lend-Lease, Northern Convoys from the Voice of Russia website
The Norwegian Merchant Fleet
Newsreel video of HMS Scylla fighting the Luftwaffe while protecting convoy PQ 18
Royal Canadian Navy in the Second World War
Thank you, Brave Comrade