Alan Brooke, Viscount Alanbrooke Pertama

Viscount Alanbrooke
Jeneral Sir Alan Brooke di mejanya di Pejabat Perang, London, pada 1942.
Nama lahir	Alan Francis Brooke
Nama samaran	"Brookie"[1] "Colonel Shrapnel"[2]
Kelahiran	(1883-07-23)23 Julai 1883 Bagnères-de-Bigorre, Perancis
Meninggal dunia	17 Jun 1963(1963-06-17) (umur 79) Hartley Wintney, Hampshire, England
Disemadikan	Perkuburan gereja St Mary, Hartley Wintney, Hampshire, England
Kesetiaan	United Kingdom
Perkhidmatan	Tentera Darat British
Tahun perkhidmatan	1902–1946
Pangkat	Fil Marsyal
Jumlah perkhidmatan	6439
Unit	Artileri Diraja
Arahan	Ketua Turus Am Imperial (1941–1946) Tentera Simpanan (1940–1941) Kor II (1939–1940) Markas Selatan (1939) Divisyen Mobail (1937) Briged Ke-8 Infantri (1934–1935) Maktab Artileri (1929–1932)
Pertempuran	Perang Dunia I Perang Dunia II
Anugerah	Knight of the Order of the Garter Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Member of the Order of Merit Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order Distinguished Service Order & Bar Dipuji dalam Perutusan Lihat bawah
Tugas lain	Lord High Constable England Konstabel Menara London[3] Presiden Persatuan Zoologi London (1950–1954) Naib Presiden Persatuan Diraja bagi Perlindungan Burung-Burung Canselor Universiti Belfast Queen (1949–1963)

Fil Marsyal Alan Francis Brooke, Viscount Alanbrooke Pertama, KG, GCB, OM, GCVO, DSO & Bar (23 Julai 1883 – 17 Jun 1963), adalah seorang pegawai kanan Tentera Darat British. Beliau adalah Ketua Turus Am Imperial (CIGS), iaitu ketua profesional Tentera Darat British, semasa Perang Dunia II, dan telah dinaikkan pangkat ke Fil Marsyal pada 1944. Selaku pengerusi Jawatankuasa Ketua Turus, Brooke merupakan penasihat ketenteraan utama kepada Winston Churchill, iaitu Perdana Menteri British, dan menyelaras usaha perang British sehingga Pihak Bersekutu menang pada 1945. Selepas bersara dari Tentera Darat British, beliau menjadi Lord Konstabel England sewaktu Hari Pertabalan Ratu Elizabeth II pada 1953. Diari-diari perangnya menarik perhatian orang ramai terhadap kritikannya ke atas Churchill dan terhadap pandangan tajam Brooke ke atas tokoh-tokoh utama perang yang lain.

Darjah kebesaran

United Kingdom

Brooke telah dijadikan Baron Alanbrooke, dari Brookeborough di Daerah Fermanagh, pada 1945,^[4] dan Viscount Alanbrooke pada 1946.^[5][6] Anugerah lain termasuklah:

• Knight of the Garter (KG) in 1946.^[7]
• Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) in 1942,^[8][9]
  • Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in 1940,^[10]
    • Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in 1937^[11]
• Member of the Order of Merit (OM) in 1946^[12]
• Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO) in 1953^[13]
• Distinguished Service Order in 1916 and Bar in 1918^[14][15]
• Juruiring Jeneral (ADC General) kepada Raja, 1944 hingga 1946^[16][17]
• Kolonel Komandan Rejimen Juruterbang Glider 19??–1951^[18]
• Kolonel Komandan Kompeni Artileri Kehormat 1946–1954^[19][20]
• Master Gunner, Taman St. James, ketua istiadat Rejimen Artileri Diraja 1946–1956^[21][22]
• Konstabel Menara London, 1950–1955^[3][23]
• Kolonel Komandan Artileri Diraja 19??–1957^[24]
• Timbalan Leftenan Daerah Southampton dan Bandar Southampton 1950^[25]
• Lord Leftenan Daerah London 1950–1957^[26][27]

Beliau juga berkhidmat sebagai Canselor Universiti Queen Belfast dari tahun 1949 hingga kematiannya. Di Hari Pertabalan Queen Elizabeth II beliau telah dilantik Lord High Konstabel England, yang memerintah seluruh pasukan tentera yang mengambil bahagian dalam upacara itu.^[28] Pada 1993, sebuah patung Field Marshal Lord Alanbrooke telah didirikan di hadapan Kementerian Pertahanan di Whitehall di London. Patung ini telah di apit oleh dua patung panglima terkemuka lain Britain dalam Perang Dunia II, iaitu Viscount Slim dan Viscount Montgomery.

Darjah kebesaran asing

• Order of Polonia Restituta 1st Class (Poland) (1943)^[29]
• Order of Suvorov 1st Class (Rusia) (1944)^[30]
• Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold with Palm (Belgium) (1946)^[31]
• Croix de Guerre 1940 with Palm (Belgium) (1946)^[31]
• Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer (Greece) (1946)^[32]
• Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion (Belanda) (1948)^[33]
• Croix de guerre (Belgium) (1918)^[34]
• Grand Cross of the Order of Dannebrog (Denmark) (1951)
• Order of Christ (Portugal) (1955)^[35]

Lambang jata

His coat of arms as issued to him by the College of Arms is: "Or, a cross engrailed per pale Gules and Sable, in dexter chief a crescent for difference."

Dalam budaya popular

Watak Brooke telah dilakonkan dalam drama televisyen Churchill and the Generals oleh Eric Porter^[36] dan dalam filem Churchill oleh Danny Webb.^[37]

Rujukan

Bacaan lanjut

• Alanbrooke, Field Marshal Lord (2001). Danchev, Alex; Todman, Daniel (penyunting). War Diaries 1939–1945. Phoenix Press. ISBN 1-84212-526-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Brooke, Alan (1940). Operations of the British Expeditionary Force, France from 12th June to 19th June 1940.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Alanbrooke's Official Despatch published in "No. 37573". The London Gazette (Supplement). 21 May 1946. m/s. 2433–2439.
• Bryant, Arthur. (1957) The turn of the tide; a history of the war years based on the diaries of Field-Marshal Lord Alanbrooke, chief of the Imperial General Staff online free to borrow; Triumph in the west; a history of the war years based on the diaries of Field-Marshal Lord Alanbrooke, chief of the Imperial General Staff (1959) online free to borrow
  • These two books have been attacked as "travesties," "tendentious and mendacious" by A, Danchev and D. Todman. "The Alanbrooke Diaries." Archives-London-British Records Association 27 (2002): 57-74.
• Caddick-Adams, Peter (2012). Monty and Rommel: Parallel Lives. Arrow.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Dear, I.C.B.; Foot, M.R.D., penyunting (2005) [1995]. The Oxford Companion to World War II. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-280666-1.
• Fraser, David (1982). Alanbrooke. Atheneum New York. ISBN 0-689-11267-X.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) online free to borrow
• Galloway, Peter (2006). The Order of the Bath.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Hastings, Max (2005). Armageddon. The battle for Germany 1944–45. Pan Macmillan. ISBN 0-330-49062-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Hastings, Max (2009). Finest years, Churchill as Warlord 1940–45. Harper Press. ISBN 978-0-00-726367-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Heathcote, Tony (1999). The British Field Marshals 1736–1997. Pen & Sword Books Ltd. ISBN 0-85052-696-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Hart, BH Liddell. "Western War Strategy: A Critical Analysis of the Alanbrooke Diaries." Royal United Services Institution. Journal vol 105 #617 (1960): 52-61.
• Mead, Richard (2007). Churchill's Lions: A biographical guide to the key British generals of World War II. Stroud (UK): Spellmount. ISBN 978-1-86227-431-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Reynolds, David (2005). In Command of History, Churchill Fighting and Writing the Second World War. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-101964-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Roberts, Andrew (2004). Hitler and Churchill: Secrets of Leadership. Phoenix. ISBN 0-7538-1778-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Roberts, Andrew (2008). Masters and Commanders. How Roosevelt, Churchill, Marshall and Alanbrooke won the war in the west. Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-7139-9969-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) (pb 2009) Online free to borrow
• Smith, Greg. "British Strategic Culture And General Sir Alan Brooke During World War II" Canadian Military Journal (2017) 1: 32-44. Online free

Pautan luar

• Templat:Hansard-contribs
• Alan Brooke, Baron Alanbrooke of Brookeborough : Biography
• BBC – Archive – Remembering Winston Churchill – The Alanbrooke Diaries
• British Army Officers 1939–1945
• Generals of World War II